Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41784366›Full record

ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2026

Contribution of fungal diseases to the U.S. chronic disease burden.

Ria R Ghai, Kaitlin Benedict, Tom M Chiller, Nancy A Chow, Ian P Hennessee, Sophie Jones, Shawn R Lockhart, Meghan Lyman, Dallas J Smith, Mitsuru Toda and 1 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Ria R GhaiMycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9775-4826
Kaitlin BenedictMycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Tom M ChillerMycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Nancy A ChowMycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Ian P HennesseeMycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Sophie JonesMycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Shawn R LockhartMycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4383-5994
Meghan LymanMycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Dallas J SmithMycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5707-528X
Mitsuru TodaMycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Jeremy A W GoldMycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5054-7616

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

SUMMARYChronic diseases, defined as conditions that persist for 1 or more years and require ongoing medical attention or impede daily life, represent an urgent public health challenge in the United States. In the last decade, fungal infections have garnered increased attention from public health officials and the media owing to the rapid and global rise of severe and antifungal-resistant infections. It is well-established that certain chronic diseases can increase the risk of invasive fungal infections. However, the inverse relationship-how fungal infections contribute to the development or exacerbation of chronic diseases-is less well studied. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the role of fungal infections in the development of chronic diseases, discussing pathophysiologic mechanisms and examining how chronic conditions can arise from the direct effects and sequelae of fungal infections. In addition, we discuss how the toxic effects of antifungal therapies can also contribute to the development of chronic disease states. Overall, our review highlights the significant yet underexplored role of fungal infections in the burden of chronic disease and emphasizes the need for further research, improved surveillance, increased public and healthcare awareness, and better access to diagnostics and treatments to address this issue.

Indexed as

Cost of IllnessMycosesAntifungal AgentsChronic DiseaseHumansUnited StatesAntifungal Agentsantifungal agentsantifungal resistanceasthma/allergyCandidachronicdiabetesfungiinfectious diseasemoldspublic health

Identifiers

PMID41784366
PMCPMC13033101

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.