ArticleBiomaterials research2026
Chicken Embryo Extract Remodeling of Extracellular Matrix Sustains Self-Renewal and Differentiation for Scaffold-Free Cell Sheet Formation.
Article in Biomaterials research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is commonly used in cell culture but can make up to 60% of total production costs, limiting the scalability of cultured meat (CM). Here, we investigated chicken embryo extract (CEE) as a functional and cost-effective substitute for FBS in culturing porcine muscle satellite cells and generating scaffold-free CM constructs. The 20% CEE + 5% horse serum (HS) medium enhanced myogenic cell growth and development while maintaining paired box 7 expression and up-regulating Myogenin, supporting the coexistence of self-renewing and differentiating states. Oxygen consumption and gene expression analyses revealed reduced oxidative metabolism alongside activation of self-renewal pathways. Transcriptomic analysis showed a specific increase in growth-factor-related genes in 20% CEE + 5% HS group, including
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