ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2026
Observation of practical teaching skills instrument (OPTIn): transforming the way we observe, evaluate and improve physically active teaching strategies.
Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Teaching effectiveness is a key determinant of student learning outcomes. Increasing evidence supports the use of physically active teaching strategies to not only enhance student learning engagement and achievement, but also health. However, existing classroom teaching observation tools often fail to assess these active pedagogical approaches, particularly among generalist teachers. This study details the development and evaluation of the Methods: OPTIn was developed through a four-phase process. Initially, key domains were identified via expert consensus ( Results: The final instrument includes seven domains aligned with national teaching standards, evidence-based practice and physically active teaching. Feedback confirmed the tool's clarity, relevance, and feasibility, with recommendations to expand indicators for active teaching and incorporate peer/self-assessment features. Inter-rater reliability ranged from 66.7% to 94.7%, while intra-rater agreement showed minimal variation (93.3% and 86.7%). High agreement with expert ratings supported content validity. Conclusion: OPTIn provides a novel, practice-informed tool for observing and improving active teaching strategies. Its use can support teacher professional development and contribute to advancing the measurement of physical activity integration within educational practice.
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