ArticlePNAS nexus2026
Gender equality predicts female overrepresentation only in competitive domains where they have a relative advantage over males.
Article in PNAS nexus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nature and nurture perspectives of the gender-equality paradox frequently talk past each other because they do not share underlying assumptions regarding which sex differences are inherent. We overcome this limitation by investigating the consequences of a sex difference both perspectives agree is inherent: physical size. We leveraged equestrian sports as a unique test case in which males and females compete together and in which smaller physical size provides a competitive advantage. Findings showed that gender equality is a stronger predictor of female representation in equestrian sports and that countries high in gender equality have the most extreme overrepresentation of female equestrians, compared with table tennis, judo, swimming, or sailing (total
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