Probabilistic Carbon Analysis of Pakistan's Bridges Unveils the Urgent Needs of Overdesign Optimization and Policy Transformation.

Hazib Hafiz Muhammad, Shabbir Imran, Khalid Hafiz Humza, Limao Zhang, Jianjun Qin, Yue Pan

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Research (Washington, D.C.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Hazib Hafiz MuhammadState Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Digital Maintenance of Buildings and Infrastructure, School of Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.

Shabbir ImranPrime Engineering & Testing Consultants (Pvt) Ltd., Islamabad, Pakistan.

Khalid Hafiz HumzaState Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Digital Maintenance of Buildings and Infrastructure, School of Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.

Limao ZhangSchool of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, National Center of Technology Innovation for Digital Construction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.

Jianjun QinState Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Digital Maintenance of Buildings and Infrastructure, School of Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.

Yue PanState Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Digital Maintenance of Buildings and Infrastructure, School of Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Rapid infrastructure expansion in emerging economies is increasing construction-related carbon emissions. Using a probabilistic assessment of 52 planned bridges on Pakistan's M-13 Motorway, the average carbon emission intensity (CEI) is 1,430 kg CO

Identifiers

PMID41783411

DOI10.34133/research.1175

PMCPMC12953927

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.