ArticleEClinicalMedicine2026
Central nervous system disorders following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a prospective case-control observational study from the Infectious Diseases Working Party and the Transplant Complications Working Party of EBMT.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04737785 (Central Nervous System Disorders Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Central Nervous System Disorders Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: a Prospective Observational Trial From the Infectious Diseases Working Party and the Transplant Complications Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Symptom-guided approach to central nervous system complications in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: Best practice recommendations from the EBMT Practice Harmonisation and Guidelines committee.Bone marrow transplantation · 2026Guideline
- 30 years in service, 1996-2026: Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO).Annals of hematology · 2026Review
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33 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: CNS disorders (CNSD) after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are a significant complication, although there are few specific studies on it. The major objective of this prospective case-control observational study was to characterise infectious and non-infectious CNSD (iCNSD and niCNSD, respectively) after HSCT. Methods: Patients were eligible for the CNSD group if they underwent HSCT between January 2021 and December 2022 at 20 centres in 11 countries and developed either an iCNSD or a niCNSD at any time after the start of conditioning prior to HSCT, up to the study termination (June 2023). Data were collected by local investigators and sent to the EBMT Leiden Study Unit, Leiden, Netherlands. For each case, two controls surviving the same period after HSCT without CNSD as the respective case were selected. Primary endpoints of this study were (1) percentage of iCNSD and niCNSD, including different causes, (2) characteristics of CNSD (e.g., percentage of patients with an abnormal brain imaging pattern), and (3) the course (e.g., mortality and overall survival [OS] = at different time points). This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04737785). Findings: 237 patients (84 cases and 153 controls) were included, of whom 98 (41%) were female and 139 (59%) were male. The frequency of CNSD after HSCT was estimated at 2.9% (84 of 2910 transplanted patients, 95% CI 2.3-3.6%). Among cases, 21 (25%) had a proven/probable iCNSD, 47 (56%) had a proven/probable niCNSD, and 16 (19%) had a possible or unclassified CNSD. Human herpes virus-6 (meningo-)encephalitis was the most frequent proven/probable iCNSD (n = 9, 43%). In patients with proven/probable niCNSD, vascular pathologies were dominant (n = 15, 32%). In a multivariable Cox regression analysis, CNSD at the inclusion time point (HR 2.96, 95% CI 1.13-7.74, p = 0.027) remained the only significant predictor of inferior OS. Causes of death in the CNSD group were the CNSD (n = 15/36, 42%, eight with proven/probable iCNSD, five with proven/probable niCNSD and two with possible/unspecified CNSD), other HSCT-related causes (n = 7, 19%), relapse/progression (n = 5, 14%), or other (including multifactorial reasons, n = 9, 25%). Relapse/progression was the most frequent cause of death among controls (n = 17/25, 68%). Interpretation: CNSD represent a serious complication after HSCT with an estimated 2.9% frequency and non-infectious causes prevailing over CNS infections. Patients with a CNSD after HSCT have a reduced OS, with the CNSD itself being the main cause of death. Funding: None.
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