ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Amplifying radiation-induced anti-tumor immunity: the dual role of brachytherapy and low-dose total body irradiation.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Radiotherapy can be a vaccine by triggering patients' prophylactic tumor-specific immune responses. Brachytherapy has biological and physical benefits over external beam radiation. Low-dose total body irradiation can produce systemic immunity. We hypothesized that brachytherapy more effectively modulates immunity than external beam radiotherapy, with low-dose total body irradiation amplifying this effect. Methods: After creating the Lewis lung cancer model, we compared hypo-fractionated brachytherapy with hypo-fractionated radiotherapy, examining immunogenic cell death, DNA damage, cell proliferation and immune cells in tumor. We then evaluated if low-dose whole-body irradiation could boost hypo-fractionated brachytherapy's systemic immunomodulatory effects and trigger a distant response. Results: Hypo-fractionated brachytherapy was more effective in inhibiting tumor growth than external beam radiotherapy. Hypo-fractionated brachytherapy approach significantly influenced various immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, including T cells, DC cells, NK cells, MDSC cells, tumor-associated macrophages. Furthermore, low-dose total body irradiation at 0.1 Gy augmented the immunological effects of low-fractionation brachytherapy and elicited transient systemic immune activation in mice. Conclusions: Our research indicates that brachytherapy offers superior immune modulation over external radiotherapy. When combined with low-dose total body irradiation, it transiently activates the systemic immune response.
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