Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41782611›Full record

ArticleNeurophotonics2026

Open-source modular field-programmable gate array system for two-photon mesoscope enabling multiarea, multidepth neural activity recording and lifetime imaging.

Riichiro Hira, Fumiya Imamura, Hiroto Imamura, Yuki Yoneyama, Takehisa Handa, Osamu Fujioka, Che-Hang Yu, Satoshi Suitoh, Reiko Hira, Atsushi Kamoshida and 7 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neurophotonics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Riichiro HiraInstitute of Science Tokyo, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8719-4498
Fumiya ImamuraInstitute of Science Tokyo, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo, Japan.
Hiroto ImamuraInstitute of Science Tokyo, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo, Japan.
Yuki YoneyamaUniversity of Tokyo, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Laboratory of Neural Computation, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3822-5090
Takehisa HandaInstitute of Science Tokyo, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo, Japan.
Osamu FujiokaTRIONIX Inc., Saitama, Japan.
Che-Hang YuUniversity of California Santa Barbara, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Santa Barbara, California, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0353-9752
Satoshi SuitohKYOCERA SOC Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan.
Reiko HiraInstitute of Science Tokyo, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo, Japan.
Atsushi KamoshidaGraphical Design Lab, Saitama, Japan.
Shigeki KatoFukushima Medical University, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Genetics, Fukushima, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8792-7591
Kazuto KobayashiFukushima Medical University, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Genetics, Fukushima, Japan.
Hiroki ShiwakuInstitute of Science Tokyo, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
Hidehiko TakahashiInstitute of Science Tokyo, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
Spencer LaVere SmithUniversity of California Santa Barbara, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Santa Barbara, California, United States.
Akihiro FunamizuUniversity of Tokyo, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Laboratory of Neural Computation, Tokyo, Japan.
Yoshikazu IsomuraInstitute of Science Tokyo, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0393-3124

Funding

Cortical visual processing for navigationR01NS121919 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA · PI GOARD, MICHAEL, NIELL, CRISTOPHER M · 2024 to 2025
$1.9M
Visual representations across cortical areasR01EY035378 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA · PI SPENCER LAVERE SMITH · 2023 to 2026
$1.6M
NEI NIH HHS R01 EY035378NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS121919
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Significance: Large field-of-view (FOV) two-photon microscopy enables simultaneous recording across multiple brain regions, but larger FOVs lengthen raster scans and limit temporal resolution. A modular, open-source solution that increases imaging speed and adds fluorescence-lifetime capability on standard systems would broaden access to mesoscale neural measurements. Aim: We aimed to develop and validate an open-source, modular field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based acquisition platform and a circular delay-path (CDP) module that together enable multiarea, multidepth mesoscale two-photon imaging and large-FOV two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging (2p-FLIM) using an 80 MHz laser. Approach: We built an FPGA system that digitizes photomultiplier signals at Results: The system enabled simultaneous recording of Conclusions: This modular, open-source FPGA + CDP system increases throughput of large-FOV two-photon imaging and adds lifetime contrast without specialized lasers, facilitating multiscale

Indexed as

cerebral cortexfour-plane imagingFPGAlifetime imagingmesoscopemultiplexingopen-sourcetwo-photon

Identifiers

PMID41782611
PMCPMC12956299

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.