Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41782592›Full record

ReviewAsian journal of neurosurgery2026

Advancing Surgical and Medical Education: Insights and Lessons from Neurosurgery in Pakistan.

Hammad Atif Irshad, Eman Anwar, Taha Shaikh, Dahir Ashfaq, Muhammad Shakir, Syed Ather Enam

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Asian journal of neurosurgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Hammad Atif IrshadMedical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0001-9587-7902
Eman AnwarMedical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Taha ShaikhMedical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0002-8069-0333
Dahir AshfaqMedical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Muhammad ShakirSection of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-7233-1584
Syed Ather EnamSection of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this article, we have summarized the current landscape of neurosurgical education in Pakistan, highlighting key gaps in training, mentorship, and academic resources. In this narrative review, we explore original articles and reviews that discussed the factors affecting the surgical and medical education in Pakistan, published between January 2000 and July 2025. At the undergraduate level, exposure to surgical subspecialties like neurosurgery is often limited and inconsistent, which may affect students' interest in pursuing such fields. Postgraduate training programs also exhibit significant variation in the quality of mentorship, academic activities, and access to modern teaching resources like simulation-based learning. Based on the latest assessment of medical education pertaining to neurosurgery in Pakistan, recommendations for the way forward are provided in this article.

Indexed as

clinical curriculumdeveloping countrymedical educationPakistansurgical education

Identifiers

PMID41782592
PMCPMC12956397

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.