ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2026
Cardiogenic shock and acute renal failure associated mortality trends in the United States: a retrospective analysis of death records from 1999 to 2023.
Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCardiogenic shock (CS) and Acute Renal Failure (ARF) have a compounding impact on patient survival. The long-term epidemiological burden of this cardiorenal comorbidity remains understudied despite the advances in mechanical circulatory support and critical care. We aimed to analyze nationwide mortality trends and disparities involving co-occurring CS and ARF in the United States.
methodsDeath records from the CDC WONDER database were analyzed retrospectively (1999–2023), including adults aged ≥ 45 years listing CS and ARF as underlying or contributing causes. Age-Adjusted Mortality Rates (AAMRs) per 1,000,000 population were standardized to the 2000 U.S. population. Temporal trend assessment and annual percent changes (APCs) were computed through the Joinpoint regression program.
resultsA total of 48,926 deaths were identified with AAMR, increasing significantly from 7.0 in 1999 to 43.5 in 2023. Rates showed a steady incline from 2005 to 2019 (APC: 7.78), followed by a sharp acceleration from 2019 to 2023 (APC: 24.16). Males exhibited mortality rates nearly double those of females (20.5 vs. 10.5). Non-Hispanic (NH) African Americans had the highest AAMR (20.7) among racial groups. Geographically, the West (17.1) and non-metropolitan regions (12.9) experienced the highest mortality burdens.
conclusionsThe past two decades marked the surge in CS and ARF-related mortality rates following a sharp acceleration since 2019. Persistent disparities among males, NH African Americans, and rural populations highlight the urgent need for targeted resource allocation and improved access to advanced cardiorenal therapies. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.