Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41782030›Full record

ReviewJournal of translational medicine2026

Unlocking the potential of EphA2 with precision-guided cancer therapy: bicycle drug conjugates.

Gavin Bennett, Jitka Riedl, Gemma Mudd

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of translational medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Gavin BennettBicycleTx Ltd, Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GS, UK. gavin.bennett@bicycletx.com.ORCID 0000-0003-4425-6852
Jitka RiedlBicycleTx Ltd, Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GS, UK.
Gemma MuddBicycleTx Ltd, Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GS, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTherapeutic advances have improved cancer survival outcomes for an increasing number of patients, but novel approaches are still urgently needed for patients who cannot tolerate, or do not respond to current treatments. Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor A2 (EphA2) is highly expressed in a variety of solid tumors, which is associated with poor prognosis, especially in tumors considered difficult-to-treat, such as pancreatic and head and neck cancer. MAIN BODY: EphA2 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of solid tumors; however, efficacy and safety issues have halted clinical development of previous EphA2-targeting agents including MEDI-547, DS-8895a, MM-310, and dasatinib. Despite these setbacks, interest in targeting EphA2 in solid tumors remains, with ongoing development of investigational therapies such as antibodies, antibody drug conjugates, EphA2 antagonists, peptide drug conjugates, bicyclic peptide drug conjugates, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Among these, BT5528, a Bicycle® Drug Conjugate (BDC), has shown an emerging differentiated safety profile, in contrast to prior EphA2-targeting agents, and promising antitumor activity in patients with advanced solid tumors. BT5528 comprises an EphA2-targeting bicyclic (Bicycle) peptide, linked to the cytotoxin monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) via a valine-citrulline cleavable linker. The high specificity of BT5528 to EphA2, combined with its high affinity, enables precision-guided delivery of MMAE, while its peptidic nature results in rapid distribution and retention of MMAE within the tumor, limited systemic exposure, and liver-sparing renal elimination.

conclusionThe preclinical and emerging clinical data for BT5528 suggest that novel approaches to targeting EphA2 can achieve efficacy without the safety issues that plagued earlier agents. Here, we review EphA2 as a target and the historical and current clinical development of EphA2-targeting therapeutic agents.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsNeoplasmsPrecision MedicineReceptor, EphA2AnimalsHumansMolecular Targeted TherapyAntineoplastic AgentsEPHA2 protein, humanReceptor, EphA2Antibody drug conjugatesBicycle® drug conjugateBT5528EphA2Investigational therapiesSolid tumors

Identifiers

PMID41782030
PMCPMC12961899

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.