Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41781991›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2026

Associations of urinary bisphenol A and its emerging substitutes with subfecundity in preconception couples: a prospective nested case-control study.

Anxin Yin, Lap Ah Tse, An Chen, Lu Cheng, Yuyang Chen, Shiqi Zhang, Zhiqi Lin, Xingying Li, Zhuoyan Zhu, Hanxiao Zhang and 2 more

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Anxin YinDepartment of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Lap Ah TseJC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
An ChenSchool of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
Lu ChengInstitute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland.
Yuyang ChenDepartment of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Shiqi ZhangDepartment of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Zhiqi LinDepartment of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Xingying LiDepartment of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Zhuoyan ZhuDepartment of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Hanxiao ZhangDepartment of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Jiufeng LiDepartment of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. lijiufeng@fudan.edu.cn.
Hong JiangDepartment of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. h_jiang@fudan.edu.cn.

Funding

Key Discipline and Project of High-Quality Development of Public Health of School of Public Health, Fudan University-Jiading District Health Commission GWGZLXK-2023-04Key Discipline Program of Sixth Round of the Three-year Public Health Action Plan (Year 2023-2025) of Shanghai, China GWVI-11.1-32Shanghai 3-year Public Health Action Plan GWVI-11.1-39Shanghai Magnolia talent plan Pujiang project 24PJA020the National Natural Science Foundation of China 8237120466, 81973057the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai 25ZR1401069the Shanghai "Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan" Intergovernmental International Science and Technology Cooperation Program 22410712700
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGlobal infertility rates have noticeably increased in recent decades. The effects of environmental exposures on human fertility have been well-noted. However, Evidence on couple-based preconception exposure to bisphenols (BPs), particularly emerging substitutes, and fecundity remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the exposure profiles of 14 classic and emerging BPs in the preconception period as well as their impacts on couple fecundity, to assess both the individual effects of specific compounds and the combined effects of mixtures in males and females, and to evaluate the health risks induced by BPs exposure after tolerable daily intake (TDI) value was tightened in 2023.

methodsThis nested case-control study involved 1934 preconception individuals in two research sites of China, from October 2016 to May 2025. The case and control groups were comprised of 318 and 649 couples with time to pregnancy (TTP) > 12 and ≤ 12 menstrual cycles, respectively. BPs were quantified in preconception urine samples using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, including novel substitutes that had not been measured and reported in human beings, such as 2,2’-diallyl bisphenol A (DBA) and 4-hydroxy-4’-isopropoxydiphenylsulfone (D8). Generalized linear, weighted quantile sum and Bayesian kernel machine regression models were employed to assess individual and mixture effects of BPs on subfecundity.

resultsThe positive associations of BPs and subfecundity risks were observed in both females and males. Mixed BPs were positively correlated with subfecundity in females (OR = 2.84, 95% CI: 2.23–3.61), males (OR = 4.21, 95% CI: 3.24–5.47), and couples (OR = 6.73, 95% CI: 4.81–9.41), with DBA and bisphenol AF (BPAF) identified as major contributors. Health risk assessment indicated that although few participants had an estimated daily intake (EDI) exceeding the 2015 TDI (4000 ng/kg bw/day), most (81.8%-100%) surpassed the 2023 TDI (0.2 ng/kg bw/day).

conclusionsThis study provides the first evidence linking novel bisphenols, BPAF and DBA, to increased subfecundity risk and highlights significant health risks in a population with an intention to conceive, underscoring the urgency to regulate a broader range of bisphenols to protect reproductive health.

Indexed as

Benzhydryl CompoundsEnvironmental ExposureEnvironmental PollutantsInfertilityPhenolsAdultBisphenol A CompoundsBisphenol F CompoundsBisphenolsBisphenol S CompoundsCase-Control StudiesChinaFemaleHumansMalePregnancyBenzhydryl Compoundsbisphenol ABisphenol A CompoundsBisphenol F CompoundsBisphenolsBisphenol S CompoundsEnvironmental PollutantsPhenolsSulfonesCouple-based exposure to bisphenolsHealth risk assessmentProspective nested case-control studySubfecundityTime to pregnancy

Identifiers

PMID41781991
PMCPMC13085263

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.