ArticleBMC public health2026
Physical activity patterns and vaccination attitudes among thermal spa attendees: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Self-Care Behaviors in Osteoporosis: A Cross-Cultural Study Using Multidimensional Analysis of Textual Data.Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThermal spas are increasingly visited for both therapeutic and wellness purposes and may represent potential setting for preventive health promotion, in line with the Ottawa Charter. Although spa attendees often include older adults and individuals with chronic conditions, evidence regarding their attitudes towards key preventive behaviors remains limited, particularly physical activity and vaccination.
methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted between April 2022 and April 2023 at the Margherita di Savoia thermal spa (Italy). A total of 319 attendees completed a structured questionnaire assessing physical activity habits and vaccination status for influenza, pneumococcal, herpes zoster, and COVID-19 vaccines. Physical activity was classified according to World Health Organization recommendations. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to identify determinants of preventive attitudes and behaviors. Adjusted effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) are reported.
resultsParticipants had a mean age of 64.2 ± 14.1 years;69.9% reported at least one chronic condition. Moderate physical activity was common (89.1%), whereas vigorous activity (20.7%) and sport participation (19.1%) were limited, particularly among older individuals. Vaccination coverage was high for COVID-19 (95.0%) but remained low for pneumococcal (16.0%) and herpes zoster (4.1%) vaccines and moderate for influenza (49.5%). Reciving a medical recommendation was significantly associated with a more positive perception of vaccines (β = 0.62; 95% CI 0.36–0.88; p < 0.001). Age was inversely associated with being physically active (aOR 0.96 per year; 95% CI 0.94–0.99; p = 0.002), while employment was positively associated (aOR 2.76; 95% CI 1.30–5.84; p = 0.008). No significant association was observed between physical activity and vaccination uptake.
conclusionsSpa-goers display favorable preventive attitudes; however,both physical activity levels and vaccination coverage remain suboptimal. Thermal spas may represent complementary environments for structured preventive counseling, particularly for t higher risk populations. Further multicentre studies are warranted.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.