Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41781930›Full record

ArticleBMC oral health2026

The perspectives of a broader user population on the dents AR Augmented Reality application for children's oral health promotion based on gender, age, and grade in rural areas: a cross sectional study using the modified system usability scale.

Anne Agustina Suwargiani, Ardena Maulidia Hamdani, Fidya Meditia Putri, Yolanda Yolanda, Sri Susilawati, Netty Suryanti, Mira Suryani, Niekla Survia Andiesta, Dudi Aripin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Anne Agustina SuwargianiDental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia. anne.agustina@unpad.ac.id.
Ardena Maulidia HamdaniDental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
Fidya Meditia PutriDental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
Yolanda YolandaConservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
Sri SusilawatiDental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
Netty SuryantiDental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
Mira SuryaniComputer Science Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
Niekla Survia AndiestaDivision of Children and Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Dudi AripinConservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe augmented reality (AR) application Dents AR was developed to align with technological and informational advancements in a field that requires a valid framework to evaluate usability aspects effectively. This study aimed to analyse the perspectives of children in rural areas on the Dents AR augmented reality application based on gender, age, and grade using the Modified System Usability Scale (mSUS).

methodA cross sectional design was implemented, involving 380 children from three elementary schools. A purposive sampling procedure was applied, and the sample size was determined using the population proportion formula for a known population size with 5% precision, resulting in a final sample of 195 children. Data collection utilized the Dents AR application from the Augmented Reality Activity Book: Dental Caries Progress And How To Prevent It and the application was launched by scanning the barcode provided in the book. Data was administered through online questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the T test and One way Anova tests.

resultsThe mSUS score range and grade distribution for the Dents AR application from grade F (poor) to grade A+ (excellent). Approximately 46.6% of responses fell within the “F&D” grade category or poor adjective category and approximately 53.3% of responses fell within the “C until A+” grade category or the OK to excellent adjective rating. The comparison of mSUS scores based on participant characteristics revealed that the p-values for gender (p = 0.245), age (p = 0.591) and grade level (p = 0.720) were all greater than 0.05, indicating no statistically significant differences in mSUS scores by gender, age or grade level.

conclusionThe perspectives of a broader user population on the dents ar augmented reality application for children’s oral health promotion based on gender, age, and grade in rural areas: a cross sectional study using the modified system usability scale shows that the Dents AR application had values from grade F (poor) to grade A+ (excellent). Approximately more responses fell within the “F&D” grade category or poor adjective category compared to responses that fell within the “C until A+” grade category or the OK to excellent adjective rating and perspectives across gender, age, and grade revealed no usability differences.

Indexed as

Augmented RealityHealth PromotionOral HealthAge FactorsChildCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleRural PopulationSex FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesAugmented realityChildrenOral healthPromotionUsabilityUsability scale

Identifiers

PMID41781930
PMCPMC12964610

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.