ArticleAAPS PharmSciTech2026
DoE-based Development of Transdermal Risedronate-laden Cubosomes: In Vitro Characterization, Drug Deposition, and In Vivo Permeation in Rats.
Article in AAPS PharmSciTech, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Risedronate, a bisphosphonate widely prescribed for osteoporosis, suffers from poor oral bioavailability and gastrointestinal adverse effects. To overcome these limitations, risedronate-laden cubosomes were developed for transdermal delivery. Cubosomes were fabricated using the top-down approach and optimized via Central Composite Design to assess the influence of glyceryl monooleate, Poloxamer 407, and the impact of sonication time on critical quality attributes. The optimized formulation exhibited a particle size of 61.45 ± 7.26 nm, PDI of 0.312 ± 0.04, zeta potential of -24.27 ± 2.27 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 90.65 ± 0.06%. In vitro release demonstrated 90.81 ± 3.17% drug release over 24 h. FTIR analysis confirmed the absence of drug-excipient interactions and successful drug encapsulation, while SAXS verified a cubic D-type (Pn3m) structure. Transmission electron microscopy further revealed uniform nano-sized cubic particles. The optimized cubosomes were incorporated into a Carbopol 934-based gel to facilitate transdermal application. Ex vivo permeation across rat skin showed a flux of 0.184 ± 0.005 mg/cm
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Registered trials
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