Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41781657›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Surface integrity and machinability analysis in dry hard turning of X38CrMoV5-1 steel using coated and uncoated ceramic tools.

Ahmed Khellaf, Mourad Nouioua, Aissa Laouissi, Abderazek Hammoudi, Mostefa Hani, Yazid Chetbani, Mahmood M S Abdullah, Ahmed Belaadi, Muhammad Imam Ammarullah, Djamel Ghernaout

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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Ahmed KhellafApplied Mechanics Laboratory of New Materials (LMANM), Université 08 Mai 1945, 24000, Guelma, Algeria.
Mourad NouiouaInterdisciplinary Research Center for Intelligent Manufacturing & Robotics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
Aissa LaouissiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Algeria.
Abderazek HammoudiResearch Unit of Materials, Processes and Environment (UR-MPE), M'hamed Bougara University, Independence Avenue, 35000, Boumerdes, Algeria.
Mostefa HaniDepartment of Civil Engineering and Hydraulics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Jijel University, 18000, Jijel, Algeria.
Yazid ChetbaniCentre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques (CRAPC), Technical Platform for Physicochemical Analysis, University Center N 02, University of Laghouat, 03000, Laghouat, Algeria.
Mahmood M S AbdullahDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed BelaadiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University 20 Août 1955- Skikda, El-Hadaiek Skikda, Algeria. ahmedbelaadi1@gmail.com.
Muhammad Imam Ammarullah12. Bioengineering and Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, University of Liberia, 1000, Monrovia, Montserrado, Liberia. imamammarullah@gmail.com.
Djamel GhernaoutChemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, PO Box 2440, 81441, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigates the machinability and surface integrity of hardened X38CrMoV5-1 steel (50 HRC) during dry hard turning using coated and uncoated mixed ceramic cutting tools (Al₂O₃/TiC). The influence of cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and nose radius on surface roughness (Ra), cutting force (Fc), specific cutting force (Kc), and material removal rate (MRR) was analyzed using Taguchi design, Response Surface Methodology (RSM), and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Experimental results showed that Ra varied between 0.18 and 1.51 μm, Fc between 25.57 and 207.45 N, and Kc between 1423 and 3925 MPa within the selected cutting conditions. Feed rate and depth of cut were identified as the most significant parameters affecting surface roughness and cutting forces. Uncoated ceramic tools consistently produced lower cutting forces, improved surface finish, and longer tool life compared with TiN-coated tools under identical dry machining conditions. The maximum tool life reached 41 min for the uncoated insert (r = 1.2 mm), while the coated insert reached 28.5 min under the same parameters (Vc = 150 m/min, f = 0.08 mm/rev, ap = 0.30 mm). Two-dimensional and three-dimensional surface analyses, along with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), revealed that abrasion was the dominant wear mechanism, with adhesion and diffusion contributing to crater formation. The developed RSM models demonstrated high goodness of fit within the studied parameter range. This work provides a comparative evaluation of coated and uncoated Al₂O₃/TiC ceramic tools for sustainable dry hard turning of hardened steel, highlighting the influence of machining parameters on surface integrity and tool performance.

Indexed as

ANOVACeramic cutting toolsDry machiningHard turningRSMSurface integrityTiN coatingTool wear

Identifiers

PMID41781657
PMCPMC13069089

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.