ArticleAAPS PharmSciTech2026
Stearylamine-Coated Cationic Phyto-Microemulsions Enhance Resveratrol Ocular Delivery for Glaucoma Therapy: Experimental and Preclinical Insights.
Article in AAPS PharmSciTech, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, is driven by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and oxidative retinal damage. Resveratrol (RES), a polyphenolic antioxidant with neuroprotective activity, offers therapeutic potential but suffers from poor aqueous solubility and low ocular bioavailability. This study developed and evaluated a cationic phyto-microemulsion to enhance ocular delivery of RES. RES-loaded phyto-microemulsion (RES-ME) were formulated using isopropyl myristate, Tween 80, and propylene glycol, with stearylamine (SA) imparting positive surface charge. Optimized uncoated phyto-microemulsion (RTPG) and SA-coated phyto-microemulsion (SRTPG) were characterized for physicochemical properties, mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release, ex vivo goat corneal permeation, antioxidant activity, ocular irritation, and IOP-lowering efficacy in a dexamethasone-induced rat glaucoma model. SRTPG exhibited a globule size of 186.2 ± 6.24 nm, PDI 0.147 ± 0.04, and zeta potential + 28 ± 4.56 mV. Drug release was sustained (70-75% over 8 h) and best fitted the Higuchi model (R2 > 0.98). SRTPG achieved markedly higher corneal permeation (750.3 µg/cm2) versus RTPG. HET-CAM and histology confirmed minimal irritancy and preserved corneal architecture. In vivo, SRTPG produced a maximal IOP reduction of 23.88% at 4 h and prolonged efficacy (AUC₀-₈
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