Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41781575›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Multi-epitope vaccine against nucleoprotein and envelopment polyprotein of Batai orthobunyavirus using molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies.

Muhammad Naveed, Muhammad Asim, Adeeba Ali, Sonia Amjad, Muhammad Nouman Majeed, Mengue Ngadena Yolande Sandrine, Nawal Al-Hoshani, Rania Ali El Hadi Mohamed, Maher S Alwethaynani, Mai M Almsaud

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In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Muhammad NaveedDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan. naveed.quaidian@gmail.com.
Muhammad AsimDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
Adeeba AliDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
Sonia AmjadDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
Muhammad Nouman MajeedDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
Mengue Ngadena Yolande SandrineDepartment of Animal Biology and Physiology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon. yolsandra89@gmail.com.
Nawal Al-HoshaniDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Rania Ali El Hadi MohamedDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Maher S AlwethaynaniDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mai M AlmsaudDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University PNURSP2026R437
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Batai orthobunyavirus (BATV) is a mosquito-borne orthobunyavirus that affects both humans and animals, and currently no licensed vaccine is available. The aim of this study was to design a multi-epitope vaccine candidate against BATV using a computational vaccinology pipeline. Predicted B-cell and T-cell epitopes from the nucleoprotein and envelopment polyprotein were selected and assembled into a single construct using an adjuvant and suitable linkers. The final construct comprised 247 amino acids and was predicted to be antigenic with an antigenicity score of 0.7676, non-allergenic, and non-toxic. Population coverage analysis showed a global coverage of 97.2%. Physicochemical evaluation indicated a theoretical pI of 10, instability index of 23.18, aliphatic index of 78.66, and GRAVY value of - 0.252, suggesting a stable and hydrophilic profile. Molecular docking with TLR3 produced a docking score of - 1418.9, suggesting a favorable interaction. Molecular dynamics simulations for 100 ns further indicated the stability of the vaccine-TLR3 complex. Immune simulation predicted the ability of the construct to stimulate immune responses in silico, and in silico cloning analysis supported its expression feasibility. Overall, these findings suggest that the proposed multi-epitope construct has promising predicted immunological and structural properties; however, experimental validation is required to confirm its immunogenicity and protective efficacy.

Indexed as

Epitopes, B-LymphocyteEpitopes, T-LymphocyteNucleoproteinsOrthobunyavirusPolyproteinsViral VaccinesAnimalsHumansMolecular Docking SimulationMolecular Dynamics SimulationMosquito-Borne DiseasesProtein Subunit VaccinesViral ProteinsEpitopes, B-LymphocyteEpitopes, T-LymphocyteNucleoproteinsPolyproteinsProtein Subunit VaccinesViral ProteinsViral VaccinesBatai orthobunyavirusEpitopesMolecular dockingMolecular dynamics simulationMulti-epitope vaccineToll-like receptor

Identifiers

PMID41781575
PMCPMC12988188

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.