ArticleScientific reports2026
A visual imagery paradigm for BCI strategies using imagined flickering patterns.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Steady state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) are a popular type of control signals in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), in which they are typically elicited by observing a visual stimulus flashing at a specific frequency. For some patients, using SSVEP as control signal for a BCI can be difficult, for instance if they are unable to focus their gaze over the visual stimuli. To address this issue, some approaches were presented to design a gaze-independent SSVEP-controlled BCI but some difficulties have been reported, for instance for patients suffering from locked-in syndrome. In this work we employ a visual imagery (VI) signal, in which the visual stimulus is imagined instead of observed, to drive a BCI system and offer an alternative for patients that encounter issues with standard SSVEP approaches. We tested the proposed approach with 20 untrained subjects within a 3-classes BCI resulting in an offline classification accuracy of 60.93%. These results demonstrate how this gaze-independent BCI can be used by inexperienced BCI users.
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