ArticlePloS one2026
In vivo evaluation of the antibacterial properties of a poly-ε-lysine and hyaluronic acid coated intramedullary implant in a New Zealand White rabbit model.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Next-Generation Antimicrobial Peptides for Biofilm-Associated Infections: Engineering, Biomaterial Delivery and AI-Assisted Discovery.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Peri-prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a severe complication that can arise following joint replacement surgery. PJI treatment is extremely complex due to the formation of bacterial biofilms and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to antibiotic classes commonly used in the treatment of PJI. This critical development highlights the urgent need for novel prophylactic strategies that do not rely on conventional antibiotic agents to prevent bacterial adherence and subsequent biofilm formation on implant surfaces. This study evaluated the contact-killing properties of a supramolecular poly-epsilon-lysine and hyaluronic acid (PEL-10/HA-1) coating on an intramedullary nail in a New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit model. Fifteen female NZW rabbits were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus (JAR 060131, 5.9 x 104 CFU in 100 µL PBS) in the right humerus. Seven received an uncoated nail, while eight received a PEL-10/HA-1 coated titanium alloy nail. After 7 days, the rabbits were euthanized for microbiological analysis of the nail and surrounding tissues. Remarkably, microbiological analysis showed that 4/8 of the rabbits with a coated nail had 0 CFU on the nail, versus 1/8 of the rabbits with an uncoated nail. The rinsing solution, soft tissue, and bone samples from the rabbits with a coated nail were more often culture-negative than the samples from rabbits with an uncoated nail. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between the CFUs of the coated and uncoated groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the coated and uncoated groups in other infection indicators, including white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, and plasma protein electrophoresis. While the PEL-10/HA-1 coating had a bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect in vitro, this effect did not translate to in vivo, highlighting a translational gap. The PEL-10/HA-1 coating must be optimized to enhance its antimicrobial effect, ensuring the same promising in vivo effect as previously observed in vitro.
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Registered trials
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