ArticleMemorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz2026
Mitochondrial genomes and phylogeny of Atratus and Educator Group species of the Melanoconion Section of Culex (Melanoconion) (Diptera: Culicidae)
Article in Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCulex (Melanoconion) species are known to act as vectors for different arboviruses, and little is known about the mitochondrial genome of these species.
objectivesAiming to expand the genetic knowledge of this subgenus, a 12Kb fragment of the mitochondrial genome was sequenced from 23 specimens belonging to the Atratus and Educator Groups of the subgenus Melanoconion of Culex.
methodsThe sequenced specimens were morphologically identified as Culex dunni, Culex ensiformis, Culex theobaldi, Culex trigeminatus, Culex eknomios, Culex zeteki, Culex near commevynenis, Culex angularis, Culex longistriatus, and Culex near vaxus. The reads were assembled with the reference genome of Culex quinquefasciatus and MITOS2 was used for gene annotation. Values of guanine-cytosine (GC) and adenine-thymine (AT) skews, nucleotide diversity, ratio between non-synonymous (Ka) and synonymous (Ks) substitution, and nucleotide composition were calculated, and phylogenetic analysis was performed.
findingsAs in other Culex mitogenomes, the partial mitochondrial genomes include 12 protein coding genes (PCGs), 15 tRNA, and 1 rRNA (rrnL). The PCGs showed no length variation between the species studied. ND5 gene presented one less base in the new sequences, which generated a stop codon and, consequently, a shorter length in relation to the Cx. quinquefasciatus sequence reference. All specimens showed a positive value for AT-skew and negative for GC-skew. Nucleotide diversity varied between 0.00407 and 0.12085. Ka/Ks values ranged from 0.0 to 2.775. MAIN
conclusionsLeucine and Serine were the most abundant amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis suggested three putative species.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.