ArticleJournal of fluorescence2026
Synthesis and Characterization of Terpyridine Derivatives as Fluorescence Probe for Selective Detection of Ga
Article in Journal of fluorescence, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
A novel fluorescent probe bearing terpyridine unit was successfully synthesized via Kröhnke reaction. Its chemical structure was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy, HR-MS and NMR techniques. The theoretical molecular structure of the synthesized compound in the ground state was optimized by B3LYP/def2SVP level of theory. The fluorescent compound exhibits orange-yellow fluorescence and its optical properties were characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy in DMSO/H2O solution. The conjugated structure, linking donor and acceptor units, displayed a broad and intense absorption band spanning 200 to 400 nm. Theoretical absorption spectra in DMSO/H2O solvent were calculated using the B3LYP/def2SVP method. While the fluorescent compound showed no specific metal ion recognition under neutral pH conditions, it exhibited remarkable selectivity for gallium ions under acidic conditions (pH < 4.0). The binding affinity and fluorescence response of the compound towards Ga3+ were systematically investigated using UV-Vis absorption spectra, fluorescence spectroscopy, and competitive ion experiments. Notably, protonation of the terpyridine moieties under acidic conditions likely enhances Ga3+ coordination while minimizing interference from common coexisting ions (e.g., Al3+, Fe3+), demonstrating the fluorescent probe potential for monitoring Ga3+ in acidic industrial effluents or biological systems. This work provides a strategy for designing pH-switchable probes for selective metal ion sensing.
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