Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41779259›Full record

ReviewCurrent neurology and neuroscience reports2026

Update on the Pathophysiology and Management of Tics.

Emily Casaletto, Lucy Morse, Darren Miller, Juan Deliz-Gonzalez, Danielle Larson

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current neurology and neuroscience reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Emily CasalettoDepartment of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States.
Lucy MorseDepartment of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States.
Darren MillerDepartment of Psychiatry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States.
Juan Deliz-GonzalezDepartment of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States.
Danielle LarsonDepartment of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States. Danielle.larson@northwestern.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purpose of reviewThis review aims to collate takeaways from the most recent and relevant literature related to tics, from genetic studies to case studies elucidating Functional tic like behaviors (FTLBs) and clinical trials of novel drugs in development. RECENT

findingsRecent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and functional neuroimaging studies have enhanced the understanding of genetic and structural links to Tourette Syndrome (TS). The rise of FTLBs during the Covid-19 pandemic heightened our understanding of this phenomenon and led to the identification of social media’s influence on tics. New studies have identified sex-related difference in TS and common psychiatric co-morbidities. Tic treatment is evolving away from traditional anti-psychotics toward newer compounds including VMAT-2 inhibitors, Ecopipam, and cannabinoid formulations, as well as novel transcranial stimulation approaches. Our understanding of tic etiology and pathophysiology as well tics’ functional counterpart FTLBs and social media impact is expanding along with our ability to manage tics with novel treatments in development.

Indexed as

Tic DisordersTicsCOVID-19HumansTourette SyndromeADDFunctional tic like behaviors functional neurologic disorderOCDTic disordersTourette syndrome

Identifiers

PMID41779259
PMCPMC12960455

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.