ArticleMarine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)2026
Dietary Formic Acid Supplementation Affects the Growth and Health Status and Alters the Gut Transcriptome and Microbiota in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides).
Article in Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary formic acid on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, serum biochemistry, digestive enzyme activity, gut microbiota composition, and transcriptomic profiles of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Four isonitrogenous (52.67% crude protein) and isolipidic (9.31% crude lipid) experimental diets were formulated: control (CG, 0.00% formic acid), FA1 (0.2%), FA2 (0.6%), and FA3 (1.0%). A total of 480 juvenile fish (initial body weight: 17.31 ± 0.10 g) were randomly allocated into four groups consisting of three replicate tanks (30 fish per tank). The fish were fed these diets for 9 weeks. The results showed that dietary formic acid significantly increased final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 0.2% formic acid significantly increased muscle and whole-body crude protein and lipid content, while improving mineral composition, fatty acid profiles, and amino acid profiles (P < 0.05). Digestive enzymes activity, including pepsin and lipase in stomach and trypsin, lipase and Na+/K+-ATPase in intestine, was enhanced (P < 0.05). Additionally, it elevated antioxidant activities (T-AOC, T-SOD, and GSH-Px) and serum immune parameters (LZM, ACP, and AKP activities, as well as TP and GLB contents) in M. salmoides. In terms of intestinal microorganisms, it was revealed that exogenous formic acid significantly changed intestinal microbial composition: decreased the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Plesiomonas and Pseudomonas (P < 0.05); and increased the abundance of probiotics such as Bacillus, Acinetobacter, and Cetobacterium (P < 0.05). Furthermore, functional analysis revealed that the abundance of microbial functions related to nutrient metabolism increased significantly in FA1 group (P < 0.05). Compared with CG group fish, both the most up-regulated DEGs and the most down-regulated DEGs were related to the cell cycle, intestinal immune network for IgA production, and mTOR signaling pathway. These findings suggested that exogenous formic acid influences host intestinal gene expression and the structure of the gut microbiota, and contributes to digestion and absorption capacity and health in M. salmoides.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41779190What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.