Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41778877›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026

The sex-specific association between long-term PM2.5 exposure and incident dementia in community-dwelling older adults in Australia.

Aoshuang Zhou, Zhen Zhou, Wenhua Yu, Tingting Ye, Alice Owen, Robyn Woods, Suzanne Orchard, Rory Wolfe, Yuming Guo, Joanne Ryan

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Aoshuang ZhouBiological Neuropsychiatry & Dementia Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0009-0009-9349-3206
Zhen ZhouBiological Neuropsychiatry & Dementia Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Wenhua YuClimate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Tingting YeClimate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Alice OwenSchool of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Robyn WoodsSchool of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Suzanne OrchardSchool of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Rory WolfeSchool of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Yuming GuoClimate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Joanne RyanBiological Neuropsychiatry & Dementia Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-7039-6325

Funding

ASPirin in Reducing Events in the ElderlyU01AG029824 · NIA · HENNEPIN HEALTHCARE RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI MCNEIL, JOHN JAMES, MURRAY, ANNE M · 2009 to 2018
$64.6M
Main Administrative CoreU19AG062682 · NIA · HENNEPIN HEALTHCARE RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI MURRAY, ANNE M · 2019 to 2023
$42.9M
Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship to AZLeadership 1 Investigator to JR 2016438Monash University (Australia),National Institute on Aging; the National Cancer Institute at the US National Institutes of Health U01AG029824National Institute on Aging; the National Cancer Institute at the US National Institutes of Health U19AG062682NIA NIH HHS U01 AG029824NIA NIH HHS U19 AG062682the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) 1127060the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) 334047the Victorian Cancer Agency (Australia)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionAir pollution is linked to dementia, but evidence from low-exposure settings is limited. We examined sex-specific associations between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter ≤2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) and dementia risk in older adults living in Australia.

methodsIn 16,145 dementia-free Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) participants (≥70 years; median follow-up 10.3 years), Cox models assessed associations between 1-year mean PM2.5 (continuous and guideline-based categories) and incident dementia, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, environmental, and genetic factors. Subgroup analyses by sex, apolipoprotein E genotype (APOE), and age were conducted.

resultsOverall associations were null, but with a trend for increased risk at exposures >10 versus ≤5 µg/m DISCUSSION: Findings suggest a threshold of >10 µg/m

Indexed as

Air PollutionDementiaEnvironmental ExposureParticulate MatterAgedAged, 80 and overApolipoproteins EAustraliaFemaleGenotypeHumansIncidenceIndependent LivingMaleSex FactorsApolipoproteins EParticulate Matterair pollutiondementia riskolder adultsPM2.5sex differences

Identifiers

PMID41778877
PMCPMC12959250

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.