Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41778409›Full record

ArticleClinical pediatrics2026

BinaxNOW

Michael A Crawford, Lindsay R Grant, Antonio C Arrieta, Stephanie Osborne, Alejandro Cane, Delma J Nieves, Ashley Miller, Raul E Isturiz, Tricia Morphew, Adriano Arguedas

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Michael A CrawfordDivision of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA.
Lindsay R GrantPfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA.
Antonio C ArrietaDivision of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9281-8915
Stephanie OsborneDivision of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA.
Alejandro CanePfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA.
Delma J NievesDivision of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6481-7111
Ashley MillerPfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9754-9731
Raul E IsturizPfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA.
Tricia MorphewMorphew Consultant LLC, Manhattan Beach, CA, USA.
Adriano ArguedasPfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recent studies using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrate that blood and pleural fluid (PF) cultures are inadequate to identify pneumococcus in children with pneumonia and empyema, leading to unnecessary utilization of broad-spectrum, often toxic antibiotics. Identification of pneumococcus facilitates the de-escalation of antibiotics. We compared a point-of-care immunochromatographic test that detects pneumococcal C-polysaccharide antigen (BINAX) performed in PF and urine to cultures (blood and PF) and 2 different PCR tests in PF of 79 children with empyema. BINAX in PF had 100% sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) to identify pneumococcus in children with empyema, compared with cultures (sensitivity 20.7%/NPV = 68.8%) or PCR (sensitivity 96.5%/NPV 98%). Urine BINAX demonstrated lower sensitivity (89%) and NPV (93%). BINAX in PF is superior to cultures (PF and blood), identifying pneumococcus in children with empyema. PCR has similar sensitivity and NPV to BINAX but is not readily available.

Indexed as

Antigens, BacterialChromatography, AffinityEmpyemaEmpyema, PleuralPleural EffusionPneumococcal InfectionsPolysaccharides, BacterialStreptococcus pneumoniaeChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantMalePolymerase Chain ReactionPredictive Value of TestsAntigens, Bacterialpolysaccharide C-substance (Streptococcus)Polysaccharides, Bacterialantigen detection testingdiagnosisempyemapneumoniaStreptococcus pneumoniae

Identifiers

PMID41778409
PMCPMC13156414

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.