Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41778007›Full record

ReviewCureus2026

Current Scenarios and Future Perspectives of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in India: A Narrative Review.

Joyeta Paul, Prasanjit Das, Alapan Das, Bisweswar Ojha, Krishnasish Das, Tirthankar Deb

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Joyeta PaulBiotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Haringhata, IND.
Prasanjit DasPharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, Kalyani, IND.
Alapan DasPharmacology, ESI-PGIMSR, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, IND.
Bisweswar OjhaPharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, Kalyani, IND.
Krishnasish DasPharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, Kalyani, IND.
Tirthankar DebPharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, Kalyani, IND.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a precision medicine tool that measures drug concentrations in biological fluids to guide individualized dosing. TDM has evolved into a multidisciplinary approach used across various therapeutic areas. In India, despite a growing clinical need, TDM remains underutilized due to systemic and infrastructural barriers. This narrative review aims to summarize the evolution, current status, analytical approaches, and future prospects of TDM in India and is based on published literature retrieved from databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, and outlines TDM's utility in optimizing pharmacotherapy for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows or nonlinear pharmacokinetics. It compares analytical methods used for TDM and discusses challenges in the workflow of TDM. Special emphasis is placed on its relevance in children, pregnant women, the elderly, and critically ill patients. It also highlights barriers, including a lack of infrastructure, trained personnel, and standardized guidelines. TDM in India requires policy-level support, integration into national health programs, clinician education, and adoption of point-of-care technologies. Strengthening research in pharmacogenetics can help establish TDM as a cornerstone of individualized therapy.

Indexed as

eastern indiahigh-performance liquid chromatography (hplc)lcmspoint-of care testingtherapeutic drug monitoring (tdm)

Identifiers

PMID41778007
PMCPMC12951084

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.