Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41777872›Full record

ArticleHealth equity2025

Manifestations and Lived Experiences of Structural Racism for Racial and Ethnic Minority Communities Affected by HIV Across the United States.

Betelhem A Muno, Mariam Haris, Amra Zegeye, Rahel Behailu, Shukri A Hassan, Jessica Y Islam, Martez D Smith, Bridgette Picou, Chioma Nnaji, Jennifer Barnes-Balenciaga and 14 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Health equity, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Betelhem A MunoDepartment of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9810-0224
Mariam HarisUW CoLab for Community & Behavioral Health Policy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Amra ZegeyeIndependent Researcher, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Rahel BehailuYMCA of Greater Seattle, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Shukri A HassanSchool of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Jessica Y IslamDepartment of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3690-3848
Martez D SmithKeeping Ballroom Community Alive Network, New York, New York, USA.
Bridgette PicouThe Well Project, New York, New York, USA.
Chioma NnajiMulticultural AIDS Coalition, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Jennifer Barnes-BalenciagaKeeping Ballroom Community Alive Network, New York, New York, USA.
Marissa MillerTrans Solutions Research and Resources Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Steven SawyerPOCAAN, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Dana McCulloughHIPS Center for Health and Achievement, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Luis MaresLatino Commission on AIDS, New York, New York, USA.
Ulysses Burley IiiUBtheCure, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Phyllis BijoleHIPS Center for Health and Achievement, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Ian L HaddockNormal Anomaly, Houston, Texas, USA.
Bill William HallSeattle Indian Health Board, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Mitchell WarrenAVAC, New York, New York, USA.
Dustin T DuncanDepartment of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8586-8711
Stephaun Elite Wallace-Marc JacobsExternal Relations, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Marlene Camacho-RiveraDepartment of Community Health Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-2941
Jessica JaiswalDepartment of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Rena C PatelDepartment of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

Funding

The tale of two pandemics: Understanding racial and ethnic disparities from the collision of HIV and COVID-19 in the U.S.R01MH131542 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Rena Chiman Patel · 2022 to 2026
$3.1M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH131542
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: To elucidate some of the manifestations of structural racism as a root cause of racialized inequities in HIV in the context of COVID-19, centered through the lens of community members with lived experiences. Methods: We partnered with eight community-based organizations to conduct focus group discussions structured around COVID-19 and HIV-related experiences. We utilized inductive coding and thematic analysis. Results: We conducted 10 focus group discussions (98 participants) across the United States between February and May 2023; 65% were ages 18-39, over 90% identified as Black, 39% were female, and 66% were cisgender. First, participants emphasized that structural racism intersects with other systems of oppression. Second, three main themes emerged as manifestations of structural racism: (1) lack of representation in state and federal decision-making levels, (2) differential access to resources, and (3) intergenerational mistrust and trauma. Conclusion: The intersecting impact of the HIV epidemic and COVID-19 pandemic underscores the pervasive effects of structural racism that manifests in the United States. Health Equity Implications: More than ever, researchers must champion the experiences and needs of racial and ethnic minority communities to affect structural change.

Indexed as

BlackCOVID-19HIVintersectionalitystructural racism

Identifiers

PMID41777872
PMCPMC12951217

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.