ArticleJournal of pain research2026
Effect of Intrathecal Hydromorphone on the Duration and Efficacy of Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Benign Anorectal Surgery: Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial.
Article in Journal of pain research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Intrathecal anesthesia is commonly used for analgesia in anorectal surgery, often supplemented with low-dose opioids such as morphine or fentanyl to prolong the duration of analgesia. However, the utility of these opioids is constrained by their adverse effects or inadequate analgesia. Hydromorphone, an opioid with pharmacodynamic properties intermediate between those of morphine and fentanyl, theoretically offers a favourable balance of prolonged analgesia and reduced side effects. Nevertheless, evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of intrathecal hydromorphone for postoperative analgesia in anorectal surgery remains scarce. Purpose: To determine whether the addition of hydromorphone can effectively prolong the duration of analgesia provided by single-agent intrathecal ropivacaine, reduce the requirement for rescue analgesics, and avoid a significant increase in adverse effects. Patients and Methods: A total of 76 patients scheduled for elective benign anorectal surgery will be enrolled and randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention group (Group H: intrathecal ropivacaine 10 mg + hydromorphone 75 μg) or the control group (Group C: intrathecal ropivacaine 10 mg). The primary outcome will be the duration of postoperative analgesia, defined as the time to first request for rescue analgesia. Secondary outcomes will include Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) pain scores at various postoperative time points (4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours), total 24-hour rescue analgesic consumption, the incidence of adverse effects, and patient satisfaction. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is one of the first randomized controlled trials to evaluate the analgesic value of intrathecal hydromorphone in patients undergoing anorectal surgery. If the outcomes are positive, this approach may offer a superior multimodal analgesic option for anorectal procedures, support the implementation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols, and provide high-quality evidence to inform clinical decision-making in this field. Trial Registration: The study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration No.: ChiCTR2500100994).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.