Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41776988›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2026

Characterization of Bronchiolitis and Vaccine-induced Enhanced Respiratory Disease in Syrian Hamsters Caused by Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.

Binbin Zhao, Gengxin Zhang, Jing Wu, Wei Zhang, Xiaoyue Ding, Xiaohui Wei, Wanjun Peng, Na Rong, Hekai Yang, Jiangning Liu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Binbin ZhaoNHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0214-2224
Gengxin ZhangNHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Jing WuNHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Wei ZhangNHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Xiaoyue DingDepartment of Pathology, Wuhan Servicebio Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China.
Xiaohui WeiNHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Wanjun PengNHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Na RongNHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Hekai YangNHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Jiangning LiuNHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Funding

CAMS Innovation Fund 2022-I2M-1-020CAMS Innovation Fund 2023-I2M-2-001National Key Research and Development Project of China 2022YFC2303404State Key Laboratory Special Fund 2060204
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a considerable health burden to pediatric and elderly populations, but vaccine development is hindered by the risk of enhanced respiratory disease (ERD) and limitations of current animal models.

methodsSyrian hamsters of different ages were intranasally inoculated with RSV to establish an age-stratified model. Additionally, old hamsters were immunized with heat-inactivated RSV (HI-RSV) for ERD research. Disease pathogenesis was assessed through symptom monitoring, viral load quantification, histopathological examination, and transcriptomic analysis.

resultsRSV infection induced coughing-like symptoms in adult and old hamsters. Neonates exhibited significant growth retardation, the most pronounced viral replication and delayed viral clearance, and prolonged bronchiolitis-like lung injury. HI-RSV vaccination in old hamsters resulted in classic ERD, characterized by enhanced lung pathology, eosinophil infiltration, and mucus overproduction. Further transcriptomic profiling revealed upregulation of pathways related to Th1/Th2 cell differentiation, with marked increases in Th2 cytokines (Il4, Il5, and Il13) and associated transcription factors (Jak3, GATA binding protein 3, and Runt-related transcription factor 3), mechanistically linking Th2-biased immunity to ERD.

conclusionsOur findings confirm the relevance of using Syrian hamsters to study age-dependent RSV pathogenesis and to evaluate the safety of RSV vaccines, particularly with regard to the risk of ERD associated with Th2-biased immune responses.

Indexed as

BronchiolitisRespiratory Syncytial Virus InfectionsRespiratory Syncytial Virus VaccinesAnimalsCricetinaeCytokinesDisease Models, AnimalFemaleGene Expression ProfilingLungMesocricetusRespiratory Syncytial VirusesTh2 CellsViral LoadCytokinesRespiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccinesbronchiolitisenhanced respiratory disease (ERD)respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)Syrian hamster modelTh2 polarization

Identifiers

PMID41776988
PMCPMC13537130

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.