ArticleAdvances in simulation (London, England)2026
Setting a research agenda for the use of extended reality in healthcare simulation: an Utstein style meeting.
Article in Advances in simulation (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Integration of Virtual and Augmented Reality Into Obstetric Nursing and Midwifery Education: Systematic Review.JMIR nursing · 2026Pooled it
- The Digital Transformation of Rehabilitation Medicine: A Narrative Review of Artificial Intelligence Innovations, Clinical Integration, and Future Paradigms.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExtended reality (XR), encompassing virtual, augmented, and mixed reality, is increasingly integrated into healthcare simulation-based education and training. While XR offers immersive, scalable, and potentially cost-effective learning environments, evidence of its educational effectiveness and implementation remains fragmented. To address this gap, an Utstein-style consensus meeting was convened to establish an international research agenda that advances the evidence-based integration of XR in healthcare education.
methodsThe meeting, held in Copenhagen, Denmark, in November 2024, brought together 24 international experts representing diverse disciplines, geographic regions, and simulation expertise. A Delphi-informed pre-meeting survey, based on a targeted review of XR-focused literature, identified key topics across five initial domains. Using an implementation science–informed approach guided by the NASSS (Non-adoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread, and Sustainability) framework, participants engaged in structured breakout and plenary discussions to explore barriers, facilitators, and research priorities related to XR adoption and sustainability.
resultsThrough consensus deliberation, the original five domains were refined into three overarching themes: (1) uses and adoption of XR, (2) barriers to XR adoption and implementation, and (3) facilitators of XR implementation and sustainability. Each theme comprised multiple subthemes addressing critical issues such as technological definitions, economic and infrastructure needs, human resource and faculty development, usability, educational quality, customization, and ethical considerations. Research questions within each subtheme were classified as descriptive, justificatory, or clarificatory to guide future study design and methodological rigor.
conclusionsThis Utstein Style meeting represents the first international, consensus-based effort to develop a structured research agenda for XR in healthcare simulation. Informed by implementation science, particularly the NASSS framework, the resulting agenda provides a roadmap for future research, policy, and practice. It emphasizes faculty readiness, institutional investment, and data-driven evaluation as prerequisites for sustainable integration. By addressing barriers and leveraging facilitators, the healthcare simulation community can advance the responsible adoption of XR technologies, enhancing competency, equity, and innovation in health professions education worldwide.
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Registered trials
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