Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41776557›Full record

ArticleBMC medicine2026

Risks of non-breast, non-ovarian cancers for BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers: a prospective cohort study.

Ruotong Yang, Robert J MacInnis, Roger L Milne, Tu Nguyen-Dumont, Whitney F Maxwell, Jeanine M Genkinger, Gord Glendon, Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research Into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFab), Eric A Ross, Irene L Andrulis and 9 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Ruotong YangCenter for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia.
Robert J MacInnisCenter for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia.
Roger L MilneCenter for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia.
Tu Nguyen-DumontClinical Genomics, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Whitney F MaxwellHuntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Jeanine M GenkingerDepartment of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA.
Gord GlendonLunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research Into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFab)
Eric A RossBiostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Irene L AndrulisLunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Sarah V ColonnaHuntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Mary DalyFox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Esther M JohnDepartment of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Allison W KurianDepartment of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Mary Beth TerryDepartment of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA.
John L HopperCenter for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia.
Melissa C SoutheyCenter for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia.
Kelly-Anne PhillipsCenter for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia.
Shuai LiCenter for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia. shuai.li@unimelb.edu.au.

Funding

Core-001U01CA164920 · NCI · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI Irene Andrulis, Sarah Violet Colonna · 2018 to 2026
$17.0M
National Health and Medical Research Council GNT2024867NCI NIH HHS U01 CA164920
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe non-breast non-ovarian cancers associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants (PVs) are controversial. We aimed to examine this using a prospective cohort design.

methodsThis study included 1260 BRCA1 and 1058 BRCA2 PV carriers (91% were females) from two consortia: the Breast Cancer Family Registry (BCFR) and the Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer Follow-Up Study (kConFab-FUS). The carriers were free of cancer other than breast or ovarian cancer at baseline and had a median baseline age of 45.5 years. For 16 types of non-breast, non-ovarian cancers, standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) relative to population incidence, the probabilities of relative risk effect size > 2 (i.e., moderate risk) and cumulative risks to age 80 years were estimated.

resultsDuring a median follow-up time of 11.4 years, 161 non-breast, non-ovarian cancers were observed. For BRCA1 PV carriers, little evidence of increased risk was observed. The prostate, pancreatic, and all non-pancreatic cancer SIRs were 1.7 (95% CI 0.7-4.2), 1.1 (95% CI 0.3-4.6) and 0.85 (95% CI 0.68-1.06), respectively; the probabilities of relative risk > 2 were 0 and 67% for prostate and pancreatic cancers, respectively. For BRCA2 PV carriers, increased risks of pancreatic (SIR = 6.6, 95% CI 3.8-11.6), prostate (SIR = 3.6, 95% CI 1.9-6.8) and stomach (SIR = 3.1, 95% CI 1.01-9.8) cancer were observed, with a cumulative risk to age 80 years of 8.3, 82.0, and 1.6%, respectively. For all the other non-breast, non-ovarian cancers combined, the SIR was 0.85 (95% CI 0.66-1.10).

conclusionsApart from pancreatic, prostate, and possibly stomach cancers for BRCA2 PV carriers, and possibly pancreatic cancer for BRCA1 PV carriers, there is no evidence that BRCA1 and BRCA2 PV carriers have substantially increased risks of other non-breast, non-ovarian cancers. Our prospective risk estimates are informative for cancer risk assessment for people with BRCA1 and BRCA2 PVs.

Indexed as

BRCA1 ProteinBRCA2 ProteinNeoplasmsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHeterozygoteHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRisk FactorsBRCA1 ProteinBRCA1 protein, humanBRCA2 ProteinBRCA2 protein, humanBRCA1BRCA2Cancer riskPenetranceProspective study

Identifiers

PMID41776557
PMCPMC13067437

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.