ArticleBMC infectious diseases2026
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis in southern China: an 8-year retrospective study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecently, macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis (MRBP) had emerged in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of MRBP in Shenzhen, southern China.
methodsWe enrolled patients with culture-confirmed pertussis at Shenzhen Children’s Hospital from January 2016 to December 2023. Demographic and clinical data of the patients were collected. The antimicrobial susceptibility of Bordetella pertussis isolates was evaluated, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ), levofloxacin, ampicillin, and ceftriaxone were determined using the E-test method. Patients were categorized into macrolide-resistant (MR) and macrolide-sensitive (MS) groups according to the erythromycin susceptibility of their isolates. Group comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test or chi-square test, as appropriate. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors independently associated with MRBP infection. A two-sided p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
resultsA total of 678 patients were enrolled. The MIC90 of erythromycin, TMP-SMZ, levofloxacin, ampicillin, and ceftriaxone was > 256 mg/L, 0.38 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 0.25 mg/L, respectively. The proportion of MRBP strains significantly increased after early 2020 (44.5% in 2016–2019 vs. 89.1% in 2020–2023, p < 0.001). Compared with the MS group, the MR group was older and had higher diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccination rate, longer hospital stay, longer antibiotic use before culture and during hospitalization, more TMP-SMZ use, and more persistently positive cultures (all p < 0.001). Binary logistic regression including age, study period, and DTaP vaccination status showed that only the study period (2020–2023 vs. 2016–2019) was independently associated with MRBP infection (OR = 9.516, 95% CI 5.738–15.781, p < 0.001).
conclusionsThe prevalence of MRBP increased markedly in southern China after the COVID-19 pandemic. TMP-SMZ, levofloxacin, ampicillin, and ceftriaxone remained effective against B. pertussis in vitro. MRBP infection was associated with greater antibiotic exposure, longer hospitalization, TMP-SMZ use, and persistently positive cultures.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.