ArticleScientific reports2026
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate hypoxic-ischemia-induced white-matter injury in neonatal rats by regulating polarization of microglia.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The protective impact and unique mechanisms of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) transplantation following hypoxic-ischemic (HI)-induced brain white-matter injury (WMI) were explored. To establish a WMI model, Sprague-Dawley rats with three days after birth underwent unilateral carotid artery ligation, followed by hypoxic exposure (8% oxygen and 92% nitrogen). Subsequently, HUC-MSC transplantation was performed into the lateral ventricle. Molecular and behavioral experiments were conducted to assess how it would influence NLRP3 inflammasome activation, M1/M2 microglial polarization, and spatial cognitive abilities. HUC-MSCs promoted myelin regeneration and improved spatial cognitive function by blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, HUC-MSCs modified microglial polarization away from the M1 phenotype by downregulating the expression of CD86 and iNOS proteins and attenuating the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β. They promoted anti-inflammatory cytokine production, such as TGF-β and IL-10, and the upregulation of CD206 and Arg-1 protein expression, thereby helping microglia transition to the M2 phenotype. HUC-MSCs inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation by antagonizing TLR4 receptors, induced microglial polarization towards the M2 phenotype in neonatal rats with WMI. HUC-MSCs seem to be a promising therapeutic option for treating WMI in premature infants.
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