ArticleLupus science & medicine2026
High incidence of herpes zoster among SLE patients in Indonesia: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Lupus science & medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with increased susceptibility to infections, including herpes zoster (HZ), due to the immune dysregulation experienced and frequent use of immunosuppressive therapy. Data on HZ incidence and risk factors in SLE patients from Southeast Asia remain limited. This study determines the incidence and clinical risk factors of HZ among adult patients with SLE in a tertiary referral centre in Indonesia.
methodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted among adult SLE patients with at least 6 months of follow-up. Participants were recruited through systematic random sampling from an allergy-immunology outpatient clinic and followed for a total of 733 person-years (median 5.6 years). HZ history was assessed via structured interviews aided by clinical photographs and subsequently confirmed by medical records. The incidence rate was calculated per 1000 person-years. Bivariate and multivariate binomial regression analyses were used to identify independent predictors.
resultsA total of 130 patients were enrolled, with one patient declining. The cumulative incidence of HZ was 16.5% (21/130 patients), with an incidence rate of 28.7 per 1000 person-years. Multivariate analysis identified disease duration of ≤1 year (RR: 3.23; 95% CI 1.58 to 6.63; p=0.001) and mycophenolate use (RR: 3.23; 95% CI 1.18 to 8.87; p=0.023) as independent risk factors. Other variables, including corticosteroid dose and comorbidities, were not found to be significantly associated with HZ.
conclusionThe incidence of HZ in this Southeast Asian SLE cohort was high, particularly in patients with recent diagnoses and those receiving mycophenolate. These findings highlight subgroups of patients who may be at increased risk and underscore the need for further prospective studies to better define causal pathways and inform preventive strategies in settings with limited access to zoster vaccination.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.