ArticlePloS one2026
Phthalates exposure and serum uric acid level in patients with Crohn's disease: A cross-sectional study.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveCrohn's disease (CD) is closely associated with disorders of uric acid metabolism. Our previous research found an association between phthalate exposure and oxidative stress in CD, suggesting a potential role for phthalates in metabolic disorders. Therefore, this study aims to examine their influence on uric acid metabolism in patients with CD.
methodsWe designed a cross-sectional study involving 117 patients with CD. Ten urinary phthalates metabolites (mPAEs) were detected by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the serum uric acid (SUA) levels were tested. Correlation analysis and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were applied separately to evaluate the associations.
resultsThe prevalence of hyperuricemia was 12.8% (15/117) in CD patients. None of them were obese or had abnormal renal function. In males, we identified significant positive associations between SUA and eight mPAEs (MMP, MIBP, MBP, MBzP, MOP, MEOHP, MEHHP, & MECPP). However, no positive associations between mPAEs and SUA were found in females. After BKMR analysis and multivariate adjustments, we found that the average SUA (μmol/L) increased by 1.36-fold, and the odds ratio for hyperuricemia increased by 1.25-fold, when overall phthalates exposure increased from 25% to 75% in male CD patients. This suggests a potential link between phthalates exposure and uric acid metabolism in male patients with CD. Furthermore, oxidative stress mediated approximately 5% of the association, indicating it is a partial, but not primary, mechanism in this process.
conclusionsPhthalates exposure positively correlated with SUA in male CD patients. Effective PAE exposure control in patients with CD may reduce the risk of hyperuricemia.
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