ReviewDaru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences2026
Exploring the potential of cinnamic acid analogues in alzheimer's disease.
Review in Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. Oxidative stress, exacerbated by mitochondrial dysfunction, metal dyshomeostasis, and impaired antioxidant defenses, plays a central role in synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline.
objectivesThis review evaluates the therapeutic potential of hydroxycinnamic acids as multi-target modulators of AD pathology, emphasizing mechanistic actions, structure–activity relationships, pharmacokinetic limitations, formulation strategies, and clinical evidence.
methodsA narrative review was conducted using structured searches of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify relevant in vitro, in vivo, pharmacokinetic, formulation, and clinical studies on hydroxycinnamic acids in AD.
resultsHydroxycinnamic acids, including ferulic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, and salvianolic acids, exhibit pleiotropic neuroprotective effects involving antioxidant, neuroinflammation, amyloid and tau modulation, and mitochondrial protection. Translation is limited by poor oral bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and restricted blood–brain barrier penetration. Nanoformulation and prodrug approaches show promise in improving CNS exposure in preclinical models. Clinical evidence remains limited, heterogeneous, and exploratory, with no compound demonstrating disease-modifying efficacy.
conclusionHydroxycinnamic acids hold promise as multi-target AD candidates. Clinical translation requires rigorous human PK studies, biomarker-driven trials, optimized formulations, and long-term safety evaluation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.