Exploration of bioflocculant production of endophytic bacterium: assessment of characteristics and efficiency of its bioflocculant in wastewater treatment.

Getrude Mothootsile Ramonyai, Tlou Nelson Selepe, Tsolanku Sidney Maliehe, Nkoana Ishmael Mongalo, Cyril Tlou Selepe, Kgabo Moganedi

Abstract read

PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher

In one paragraph

Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Getrude Mothootsile RamonyaiDepartment of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa. getrude.ramonyai@ul.ac.za.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-6484-7485

Tlou Nelson SelepeDepartment of Water and Sanitation, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa.

Tsolanku Sidney MalieheDepartment of Biochemistry, Genetic and Microbiology, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private Bag X 54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.

Nkoana Ishmael MongaloUNISA College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private bag X06, Florida, 0710, South Africa.

Cyril Tlou SelepeDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Private Bag X X61, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.

Kgabo MoganediDepartment of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Polokwane, 0727, South Africa.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Endophytic bacteria are promising sources of potent bioflocculants, yet their diversity, biosynthetic potential and utility remain underexplored. This study focused on isolating bioflocculant-producing endophytes from Adansonia digitata, exploration of biosynthetic gene clusters and application of its bioflocculant in wastewater treatment. The standard method and 16S rRNA analysis were used for isolation and identification of endophytic bacteria. The polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect the presence of Type I Polyketide Synthase (PKS-I KS), Type II polyketide synthase and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase gene clusters. The infrared spectrometry, energy-dispersive X-ray and X-ray diffraction analysis were employed for identification of functional units, elements and crystallinity. Its efficiency was evaluated in wastewater treatment using the Jar test. Amongst the 18 isolates, Isolate Gt18, which was identified as Bacillus albus, had the highest bioflocculant production with flocculating activity of 99%. It revealed the presence of PKS-II. Its bioflocculant composed of hydroxyl, amine and carbonyl functional groups. It had carbon (1.48%), oxygen (40.47%), phosphate (17.44%) and potassium (28.58%). It revealed crystalline nature. It reduced chemical oxygen demand and turbidity by 70 and 99.8% for sewage wastewater and 57 and 75% for brewery wastewater, respectively. The bioflocculant from B. albus illustrated high potential applicability in wastewater treatment.

Indexed as

AdansoniaBacteriaEndophytesWastewaterWater PurificationFlocculationPlant RootsPyrolysisWastewaterAdansonia digitataBacillus albusBioflocculantBiosynthetic gene clustersCharacterisationRemoval efficiency

Identifiers

PMID41774310

DOI10.1007/s11356-026-37543-z

PMCPMC13053503

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.