ArticleInternational ophthalmology2026
Multimodal imaging evaluation and management of orbital metastasis: experience at a single institution.
Article in International ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Application of imaging studies for orbital tumors: a practical review and representative cases.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeThe orbit is an unusual site for metastatic cancer. This study evaluated the ultrasonographic and MRI/CT imaging features of orbital metastasis (OM) as well as demographic, clinical, radiological, management, and outcome.
methodsRetrospective, non-comparative single-institutional chart review of patients with OM. Records were evaluated for age at presentation, race, gender, laterality, site of primary tumor, imaging findings of orbital metastasis, treatment, and outcome.
resultsThere were 12 males and 15 females whose mean age at presentation was 60 years. Twenty-three patients (85%) had known primary cancer. Primary malignancies were breast carcinoma in 12 patients (44.5%), melanoma in 5 (18.5%), and lung carcinoma in 3 (11.1%). The most present findings were ocular motility disturbances (63%), proptosis (55%), and vision loss (19%). The lesions were well-outlined in 74%, located posterior to the equator in 59%, involved only one quadrant in 56%, and involved the extraocular muscles in 74%. Ultrasound was able to detect orbital or muscle lesions in 24 patients (89%). The shape, configuration, and location of the lesion and detection of extraocular muscle involvement agreed between MRI/CT and US exams. Treatment protocols included radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy and surgical excision. Seventeen patients (63%) had died of metastasis, with a mean overall survival time of 19 months after OM diagnosis.
conclusionsBreast carcinoma, melanoma, and lung carcinoma are the most common primary malignancies that metastasize to the orbit. OM tends to infiltrate the extraocular muscles. Ultrasound provides reliable parameters and can be used as a primary screening when evaluating suspected OM lesions. The survival time of patients with OM is generally poor.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.