ArticleEuropean journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society2026
Anatomical distribution and treatment for fractures and dislocations of the proximal and middle phalanges: a multicentre snapshot study of 461 patients.
Article in European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the anatomical distribution of fractures and dislocations of the proximal and middle phalanges, the current treatment modalities, and potential variations in treatment approaches.
methodsThis multi-centre cross-sectional study included patients presenting with single fractures of the proximal or middle phalanges and dislocations (excluding the thumb) over a three-month period in 2020. Data collection included demographic details, injury location and fracture pattern, and treatment modalities. Treatment categories included non-operative management (e.g., functional treatment allowing digit mobilisation, immobilisation, and immobilisation duration), surgical interventions, and post-operative care (functional treatment or immobilisation and immobilization duration).
resultsA total of 461 patients were included, with 395 (86%) managed non-operatively and 66 (14%) undergoing surgical intervention. The most frequently encountered injuries were proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) avulsion fractures (137/461, 30%), followed by proximal phalanx shaft fractures (132/461, 29%), and dorsal PIPJ dislocations (57/461, 12%). Among patients with PIPJ palmar plate avulsion fractures managed non-operatively, 72% (88/123) were treated with functional treatment in the emergency department (ED), increasing to 94% after the initial follow-up. For proximal phalanx shaft fractures this was 28% (26/93), increasing to 53% after follow-up, and for PIPJ dislocations this was 71%, increasing to 80%. The rates of functional treatment for PIPJ avulsion fractures and dislocations showed significant variation across hospitals (p < 0.001). Operative treatment of proximal and middle shaft fractures primarily involved closed reduction and K-wire fixation, performed in 69% (25/36) and 82% (9/11) of the cases, respectively.
conclusionThis study provides valuable insights into the anatomical distribution of various types of injuries of the proximal and middle phalanges, including intra-articular and avulsion fractures and dislocations. Additionally, it highlights practice variations in non-operative treatment approaches and immobilisation duration, influenced by hospital setting. These findings could inform future research aimed at optimizing treatment strategies for these prevalent injuries.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41774206What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.