Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41774089›Full record

ArticleCurrent environmental health reports2026

Policies and Interventions in Middle Eastern and North African Countries to Mitigate Heat Stress Experienced by Outdoor Workers: A Scoping Literature Review.

Mariam Buqammaz, Jenan Almatrouk, Molly L Kile, Laurel Kincl

Abstract readScoping Review
In one paragraph

Article in Current environmental health reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Mariam BuqammazSchool of Nutrition and Public Health, College of Health, Oregon State University, Womens Bldg, 160 SW 26th St, Corvallis, 97331, OR, USA. buqamazm@oregonstate.edu.
Jenan AlmatroukDepartment of Health Policy & Management, College of Public Health, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait.
Molly L KileSchool of Nutrition and Public Health, College of Health, Oregon State University, Womens Bldg, 160 SW 26th St, Corvallis, 97331, OR, USA.
Laurel KinclSchool of Nutrition and Public Health, College of Health, Oregon State University, Womens Bldg, 160 SW 26th St, Corvallis, 97331, OR, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite the significant public health challenges posed by heat stress and rising temperatures for outdoor workers in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, there has been insufficient focus on enforcing adequate policies, identifying effective heat stress prevention interventions, and providing evidence-based recommendations.

methodsThis scoping review synthesizes literature on policies and interventions that protect outdoor workers from heat stress in the MENA region. Studies from 1996 to 2024 were identified in PubMed, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.

resultsThirty-nine articles and governmental documents met our criteria and were included in this review. Studies have been conducted in only 9 of the 18 MENA countries. Among the 39 included studies, 19 described formal policies, while all had descriptions of tested interventions or informal practices, and 9 tested the effectiveness of interventions and provided evidence-based recommendations. The most commonly practiced protective intervention was hydration.

conclusionOccupational heat stress policies in the MENA region predominantly rely on administrative controls, such as limiting work hours. However, a more comprehensive approach is emerging in some countries, incorporating measures such as heat exposure monitoring, mandatory worker training, provision of shaded or cooled rest areas, structured acclimatization protocols, and environmental alert systems. These layered interventions offer a more effective framework for protecting outdoor workers, particularly in high-risk sectors such as construction and agriculture. The literature highlights significant gaps, underscoring the need for further research to assess the effectiveness of current policies and to explore innovative interventions for combating heat stress as temperatures in the MENA region become increasingly extreme.

Indexed as

Health PolicyHeat Stress DisordersOccupational DiseasesOccupational ExposureOccupational HealthAfrica, NorthernHot TemperatureHumansMiddle EastWorking ConditionsHealth policiesHeat stress disordersOccupational exposurePreventive measuresWorking conditions

Identifiers

PMID41774089
PMCPMC12957072

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.