Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41773642›Full record

ArticleJournal of evaluation in clinical practice2026

Implementing Genomic Medicine in Primary Care: A Convergent Mixed Method Case Study.

Emory W Heffernan, Kristine R Hearld, Irene P Moss, Kelly M East, Irfan M Asif, Whitley V Kelley, Erin W Delaney, Greg M Cooper, Bruce R Korf, Nita A Limdi and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of evaluation in clinical practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Emory W HeffernanDepartment of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5942-9516
Kristine R HearldDepartment of Health Services Administration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Irene P MossCystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Kelly M EastHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA.
Irfan M AsifDepartment of Family & Community Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Whitley V KelleyHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA.
Erin W DelaneyDepartment of Family & Community Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Greg M CooperHudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA.
Bruce R KorfDepartment of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Nita A LimdiDepartment of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Larry R HearldDepartment of Health Services Administration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

Funding

CTSA UM1 at the University of Alabama at BirminghamUM1TR004771 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI PATRICE DELAFONTAINE, Orlando M Gutierrez · 2024 to 2026
$29.2M
CTSA Postdoctoral T32 at the University of Alabama at BirminghamT32TR004770 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI Bertha Hidalgo · 2024 to 2026
$1.3M
Patient Oriented Research in Personalized Antithrombotic TherapyK24HL133373 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI LIMDI, NITA A · 2016 to 2025
$1.2M
NCATS NIH HHS T32 TR004770NIH HHS K24HL133373NIH HHS T32TR004770NIH HHS UM1TR004771
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeDespite the growing interest in implementing genomic medicine into primary care, numerous barriers persist. Herein we present formative work conducted at three primary care clinics to identify barriers to implementation as part of a state-funded genomic medicine initiative.

methodsA convergent mixed-methods case study was conducted across three family practice clinics participating in the Alabama Genomic Health Initiative. Quantitative, cross-sectional surveys evaluated clinic personnel attitudes, implementation climate, and feasibility. Additionally, qualitative, semi-structured interviews examined clinic personnel's perceptions of genomic medicine implementation into routine care, identified barriers to this integration, and investigated strategies for overcoming these barriers.

resultsRespondents exhibited positive attitudes towards genomic medicine while voicing concerns regarding time constraints, technological integration, lack of actionable results for certain patients, and inadequate implementation knowledge. Although the primary care climate was generally supportive of change, it was less conducive to the specific implementation of genomic medicine. External facilitators and educational resources were identified as critical for successful implementation.

conclusionDespite primary care personnel acknowledging the preventive and diagnostic value of genomic medicine, the effective integration of this practice requires practical solutions to barriers such as resource limitations and specialized training needs, indicating that enhanced infrastructure and focused educational initiatives could facilitate its implementation.

Indexed as

Attitude of Health PersonnelGenomicsPrimary Health CareAlabamaCross-Sectional StudiesHumansInterviews as TopicOrganizational Case Studieselectronic health recordsgenomic medicineimplementation sciencemixed methodspharmacogeneticspreventive health servicesprimary health care

Identifiers

PMID41773642
PMCPMC12955339

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.