Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41773594›Full record

ArticleEndocrine connections2026

Associations between estradiol levels and subjective sleep parameters in a large cohort of men and women.

C J de Gans, J H P M van der Velde, A C Heijboer, R Noordam, F R Rosendaal, F Rutters, A Kalsbeek, E S van den Ende, J Hermanides, P W B Nanayakkara and 3 more

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Article in Endocrine connections, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

C J de GansDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section General Internal Medicine Unit Acute Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J H P M van der VeldeDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
A C HeijboerAmsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
R NoordamDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
F R RosendaalDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
F RuttersAmsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
A KalsbeekAmsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
E S van den EndeDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section General Internal Medicine Unit Acute Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J HermanidesAmsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Quality of Care, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
P W B NanayakkaraDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section General Internal Medicine Unit Acute Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
M den HeijerDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & Metabolism, Center of Expertise On Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
R de MutsertDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
D J StenversAmsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9519-5140

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Estradiol may influence sleep-wake rhythms via modulation of the circadian timing system, but evidence is limited and often based on small samples. This study examined associations between serum estradiol levels and sleep parameters in men and in pre- and postmenopausal women from the general population. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis used baseline data from the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) study. Estradiol was measured in fasting serum using LC-MS/MS. Sleep quality and timing were assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Associations were evaluated using multivariable weighted linear regression. Results: In the 4,754 participants (51% men; mean age 56 years), serum estradiol levels were not associated with sleep quality or timing. Participants in the highest 10th percentile of estradiol showed marginally better sleep quality compared with those in the middle range (difference in PSQI = -0.74; 95% CI: -1.11 to -0.36). Discussion: These findings suggest that, under physiological conditions, estradiol levels are not clearly linked to sleep quality or timing.

Indexed as

disturbed sleepestradiol levelsfluctuatinghormonessleep

Identifiers

PMID41773594
PMCPMC13034520

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