ArticleOrthodontics & craniofacial research2026
Transverse Growth of Facial Soft Tissues: A Longitudinal Three-Dimensional Facial Growth Study.
Article in Orthodontics & craniofacial research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis longitudinal cohort study aimed to determine the pattern of transverse facial growth from ages 10 to 18 years. MATERIALS AND
methods101 individuals (male, n = 56; female, n = 45) were observed. Three-dimensional facial surface images were acquired using stereophotogrammetry every 6 months. The linear distances between various facial structures, focused on the transverse facial features, were measured and plotted over time.
resultsAt baseline, sex-related differences in lip and nasal widths were minimal (lip width: 42.5 mm in females vs. 42.4 mm in males; nasal width: 29.3 mm in females vs. 30.6 mm in males). Subsequently, males exhibited greater transverse growth. Nasal width increased by 6.0 mm in males compared with 3.9 mm in females, and lip width increased by 5.1 and 2.1 mm, respectively. A clear divergence in nasal and lip growth patterns between sexes emerged at approximately 12.6 years of age. Intercanthal distance demonstrated a parallel growth trajectory, with males consistently showing larger values. Outer canthal distance increased by 2.3 mm in females and 5.8 mm in males between ages 10 and 17.
conclusionTransverse facial growth in females ceased at approximately 14 years of age, whereas growth continued for a longer period in males. Greater growth increments during the male growth spurt, together with prolonged growth duration, resulted in relatively wider nasal and lip dimensions after puberty. The clinical significance of this study lies in demonstrating that analyses of maxillary expansion could be improved by accounting for normal background growth.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.