Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41773344›Full record

ArticleMolecular ecology resources2026

The FORGENIUS Genomic Resources: New Genotyping Tools and Genomic Data for 23 Forest Tree Species and Their Genetic Conservation Units.

Sara Pinosio, Francesca Bagnoli, Camilla Avanzi, Maria B Castellani, Arcangela Frascella, Susan L McEvoy, Sanna Olsson, Ilaria Spanu, Elia Vajana, FORGENIUS Consortium and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular ecology resources, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Sara PinosioInstitute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1820-3637
Francesca BagnoliInstitute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6909-0006
Camilla AvanziInstitute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
Maria B CastellaniInstitute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
Arcangela FrascellaInstitute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
Susan L McEvoyDepartment of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Sanna OlssonInstituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR-INIA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1199-4499
Ilaria SpanuInstitute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
Elia VajanaInstitute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1340-3389
FORGENIUS Consortium
Santiago C González-MartínezNational Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), University of Bordeaux, BIOGECO, Cestas, France.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-3766
Tanja PyhäjärviDepartment of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Ivan ScottiNational Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), URFM, Ecology of Mediterranean Forests, Avignon, France.
Giovanni G VendraminInstitute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
Andrea PiottiInstitute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-5325

Funding

Horizon 2020 Framework Programme 862221ITINERIS project-Piano Nazionale Ripresa e Resilienza (PNRR) IR0000032
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Genetic diversity is a critical but often overlooked component of biological diversity. The European H2020 FORGENIUS project is aimed at increasing the quality and quantity of genetic data to start monitoring the European network of forest Genetic Conservation Units (GCUs). A first step in this direction was developing standardised genomic resources for 23 forest tree species, spanning from rare and scattered (e.g., Abies nebrodensis and Torminalis glaberrima) to widespread and stand-forming, economically relevant ones (e.g., Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris). Here, we describe the development and application of targeted genotyping tools, primarily based on Single Primer Enrichment Technology (SPET), along with existing SNP arrays for the selected species. The SPET panels developed in FORGENIUS were designed to capture ⁓10,000 loci per species, balancing species-specific and randomly distributed regions to ensure broad genome coverage and minimise ascertainment bias. Across 7220 genotyped trees, we identified over 1.8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering approximately 50 Mb of DNA sequence. SPET panels demonstrated high genotyping efficiency and cross-species transferability, especially within genera such as Quercus and Abies. They represent a cost-effective, flexible, and scalable solution for population-level genetic assessments across diverse taxa, enabling standardised, genome-wide characterisation of the GCU network. These resources not only promote the establishment of genetic monitoring, support genetically informed conservation strategies and improve our understanding of adaptive responses in European forests, but also enhance species delimitation and hybrid detection, and enable the characterisation of phylogenetically related but previously underexplored species.

Indexed as

Conservation of Natural ResourcesGenotyping TechniquesTreesEuropeForestsGenome, PlantGenomicsPolymorphism, Single Nucleotideforest tree speciesgenetic conservation unitsgenetic diversitygenetic monitoringsingle primer enrichment technologytargeted genotyping

Identifiers

PMID41773344
PMCPMC12954563

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.