ArticleJournal of hepatocellular carcinoma2026
Prediction of Tumor Progression After Microwave Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Combined with Immunohistochemical Markers.
Article in Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: By integrating imaging data, laboratory markers, and the expression of immunohistochemical (IHC) markers, a mode l was developed to predict tumor progression (TP) following microwave ablation (MWA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), offering a novel approach for evaluating treat ment efficacy in HCC patients. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included 91 patients with stage 0 or stage A BCLC with single pathologically confirmed HCC who underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous MWA. Imaging features, laboratory indicators (such as liver function indicators and tumor markers), and IHC markers were included. The correlation between these three indices and TP after tumor ablation was analyzed, and a prognostic model was constructed to explore the influence of multiple factors on the prognosis of tumors after MWA. Results: Laboratory markers (Age-Platelet Index [API] and elevated pre-/post-ablation AFP/PIVKA-II) were significantly correlated with post-ablation TP (all p<0.05). IHC marker positivity for GPC-3, Arg-1, HSP 70, and a high Ki-67 index predicted disease progression (all p<0.05). Univariate analysis identified tumor size, high-risk location, morphology, washout time, API, pre-ablation AFP level >200 ng/mL, post-ablation persistent AFP/PIVKA-II elevation, GPC-3/Arg-1/HSP 70 expression, and Ki-67 index as TP predictors. Multivariate analysis confirmed irregular morphology, API, AFP >200 ng/mL, GPC-3/HSP 70 expression, and the Ki-67 index as independent predictors. ROC analysis demonstrated the superior predictive performance of the multifactor model (AUC=0.995). Conclusion: Tumor morphology, preoperative serum AFP levels (>200 ng/mL), positive expression of GPC-3, HSP 70, and Ki-67 were independent predictors of HCC relapse after ablation. The model constructed in combination with these predictors showed high diagnostic performance in predicting post-ablation progression of HCC.
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