ArticleBMC medical genomics2026
Association of VDR BsmI polymorphism and vitamin D status with osteoarthritis susceptibility.
Article in BMC medical genomics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Association of the VDR rs1544410 Polymorphism with Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiometabolic Traits in Institutionalized Older Adults.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
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10 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease influenced by genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. Vitamin D exerts immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and genetic variation in the VDR gene may influence susceptibility to OA. However, data from Middle Eastern and Kurdish populations remain limited.
objectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the association between serum vitamin D status and four common VDR gene polymorphisms (FokI, ApaI, TaqI, and BsmI) in Kurdish adults with knee osteoarthritis.
methodsA hospital-based case-control study was conducted, including 100 OA patients and 100 healthy controls recruited in Erbil, Iraq. Serum vitamin D levels were measured biochemically, and VDR polymorphisms were genotyped using PCR-RFLP and sequencing. Association analyses were performed for polymorphic loci using univariate logistic regression.
resultsNo allelic or genotypic variation was detected at the FokI (rs2228570), ApaI (rs7975232), or TaqI (rs731236) loci, indicating allele fixation in this population. In contrast, the BsmI (rs1544410) polymorphism exhibited significant variability. The AA genotype was significantly more frequent among OA patients than controls and was associated with increased odds of OA (OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.21-4.23; p = 0.006).
conclusionsThe findings indicate that the VDR BsmI polymorphism is associated with knee osteoarthritis in the Kurdish population, whereas FokI, ApaI, and TaqI loci were non-polymorphic. These results highlight population-specific genetic variation within the VDR gene and underscore the need for larger studies incorporating functional validation to clarify the biological relevance of BsmI variation in osteoarthritis.
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