SynthesisBMC oral health2026
Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and periodontitis in non-smokers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies on the association between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and periodontitis and tooth loss in non-smokers have reported conflicting findings. This meta-analysis was therefore performed to provide a statistical summary of the evidence.
methodsA systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library was conducted for English-language publications published up to June 9, 2025. Odds ratio (OR) along with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used to analyze the main outcomes.
resultsA total of 14 studies composing 115,925 participants aged 18 years or older were included. A significant association was found between ETS exposure and periodontitis (OR = 1.47, 95% CI:1.22–1.76). However, null association was observed between ETS exposure and tooth loss (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.80–1.31). Substantial heterogeneity was observed across studies. Subgroup analyses revealed stronger associations in studies using biomarker-based ETS assessment.
conclusionAmong non-smokers, exposure to ETS is significantly associated with periodontitis, underscoring the critical public health importance of reducing secondhand smoke exposure at the population level.
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