Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41772519›Full record

ArticleBMC pulmonary medicine2026

Prevalence and risk factors of airflow obstruction in Southwest China: baseline findings from a multi-center population-based cohort study.

Yao Lv, Xiaolong Tang, Shanye Yi, Yu Jia, Bojiang Chen, Jun Shao, Jieling Li, Yi Yao, Jing Xiong, Miaomiao Wu and 5 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Yao Lv *General Practice Medical Center, General Practice Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 GuoXue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China.
Xiaolong Tang *General Practice Medical Center, General Practice Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 GuoXue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China.
Shanye YiGeneral Practice Medical Center, General Practice Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 GuoXue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China.
Yu JiaGeneral Practice Medical Center, General Practice Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 GuoXue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China.
Bojiang ChenDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Jun ShaoDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Jieling LiGeneral Practice Medical Center, General Practice Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 GuoXue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China.
Yi YaoGeneral Practice Medical Center, General Practice Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 GuoXue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China.
Jing XiongGeneral Practice Medical Center, General Practice Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 GuoXue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China.
Miaomiao WuGeneral Practice Medical Center, General Practice Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 GuoXue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China.
Wenjun FuGeneral Practice Medical Center, General Practice Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 GuoXue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China.
Jingxin MaGeneral Practice Medical Center, General Practice Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 GuoXue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China.
Rui ZhangGeneral Practice Medical Center, General Practice Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 GuoXue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China. zhangrui521@scu.edu.cn.
Weimin LiDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Yi LeiGeneral Practice Medical Center, General Practice Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, #37 GuoXue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, China. leiyi111@scu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory disorder primarily characterized by persistent airflow obstruction. This study investigates the prevalence and risk factors of pre-bronchodilator airflow obstruction among general population aged 40 years or older in Southwest China.

methodsThis is a cross-sectional baseline analysis of an ongoing multi-center population-based cohort study in Southwest China. A total of 22,575 participants aged 40 years or older, recruited from four centers between April 2020 and June 2022, were included in the analysis. All participants had valid pre-bronchodilator spirometry results. Airflow obstruction was defined primarily as an FEV₁/FVC ratio below the Global Lung Function Initiative lower limit of normal. The prevalence of airflow obstruction was assessed and compared across subgroups. Risk factors were identified using univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses.

resultsThe overall prevalence of airflow obstruction was 14.9% (95% CI: 14.4–15.4), and 11.8% (95% CI: 11.3–12.3) among never smokers. Prevalence was significantly higher in men than in women (22.8% vs. 10.9%; P < 0.001) and increased progressively with smoking exposure (never smokers: 11.8%; former smokers: 19.7%; current smokers: 23.5%; P < 0.001). Among those with airflow obstruction, 91.3% presented with mild-to-moderate disease. Yet only 2.4% had been previously diagnosed with COPD. Multivariable analysis identified male sex, older age, smoking, biomass fuel exposure, lower body-mass index, lower education level, and sleep disturbance due to wheezing as significant factors independently associated with airflow obstruction.

conclusionThe high prevalence and pervasive underdiagnosis of airflow obstruction in Southwest China demand early detection and targeted prevention to reduce disease burden.

trial registrationThis study has been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( No. ChiCTR1900024623), with the registration date of July 19, 2019. The trial registration was completed before the first participant was enrolled.

Indexed as

Pulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveSmokingAdultAgedChinaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleForced Expiratory VolumeHumansLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRisk FactorsSpirometryVital CapacityAirflow ObstructionChronic obstructive pulmonary diseasePrevalenceRisk factorSouthwest China

Identifiers

PMID41772519
PMCPMC13064074

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.