SynthesisJournal of gastrointestinal cancer2026
Perioperative Immunotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Synthesis in Journal of gastrointestinal cancer, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposePancreatic cancer poses a significant clinical challenge due to its aggressive nature and poor prognosis. While surgery remains the primary curative option, the emergence of immunotherapy presents a promising avenue for improving patient outcomes. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness and safety of perioperative immunotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer.
methodsPubMed, Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched for all relevant articles published up to July 2024. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, and the PRISMA guidelines were followed. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS); secondary outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), disease-free survival (DFS), adverse events, and immune activity.
resultsA total of six RCTs were included in this review. Among the six included trials, three reported significant improvements in OS with perioperative immunotherapy. PFS was improved in three studies, while RFS and DFS showed mixed results; only one trial reported a significant improvement in DFS. Safety outcomes varied across studies, with one study reporting Grade ≥ 3 adverse events related to immunotherapy, while two studies found that the side effects were comparable between the two groups. Notably, four studies observed increased immune activity, marked by higher lymphocyte counts and enhanced activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the immunotherapy group.
conclusionPerioperative immunotherapy appears to be a feasible and potentially beneficial approach in pancreatic cancer, showing promise in improving survival and immune responsiveness. While findings are heterogeneous, these results support further investigation through large-scale, biomarker-driven studies to optimize its integration into perioperative management strategies.
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